Why Modern Women Refuse to Be Bound by MANUSMRITI

The Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) is one of the oldest and most controversial texts in Indian history, often cited as a guide for ancient social order and norms. Written during a period when societal structures were rigidly hierarchical, the text delineated roles for various classes and genders, including a highly debated perspective on women. For centuries, Manusmriti has shaped the cultural and social framework of Indian society. However, its portrayal of women as subordinate, dependent, and confined to specific roles has sparked criticism, especially in modern times.In this article, we explore how Manusmriti defines women, its expectations of them, and why it faces rejection from modern women striving for equality and self-determination.


The Manusmriti assigns women roles within a strictly patriarchal framework, often reducing their agency to that of dependents. The text emphasizes the importance of women’s chastity, obedience, and service to men. Some of the most quoted verses describe women as being under the guardianship of men throughout their lives:

While Manusmriti does acknowledge the importance of women as mothers and caretakers, it confines their value to these roles. Women are often seen as the custodians of societal honor, but this “honor” is tied to strict codes of behavior, modesty, and subservience.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a pivotal figure in India’s social reform and the architect of the Indian Constitution, famously burned the Manusmriti on December 25, 1927. This act was symbolic of his rejection of the social inequalities perpetuated by the text.

Ambedkar viewed Manusmriti as the root of caste oppression and gender discrimination. He believed it institutionalized inequality, relegating women and lower castes to subservient positions. For Ambedkar, burning the Manusmriti was not just a rejection of an ancient text but a call to modernize Indian society and ensure equality for all.

Modern women demand equality in all aspects of life—education, careers, relationships, and personal choices. The Manusmriti’s rigid framework, which denies women independence and agency, is incompatible with contemporary values of gender equality.

The text’s insistence on male guardianship perpetuates patriarchal structures, leaving no room for women to thrive as individuals. In today’s world, women are breaking free from these constraints, asserting their rights to lead, make decisions, and live life on their terms.

Societal expectations have evolved, with modern women challenging stereotypes and rejecting outdated notions of modesty and obedience. The Manusmriti’s restrictive vision of womanhood is seen as an archaic relic rather than a guide.

With increased access to education and awareness of global movements for gender equality, women today are more empowered to question traditions and texts like Manusmriti that undermine their worth.

India’s Constitution, championed by Ambedkar, guarantees equality and prohibits discrimination based on gender. Modern women look to these legal protections rather than ancient texts for guidance and support.

Despite its controversial aspects, the Manusmriti continues to influence societal attitudes, particularly in conservative and rural areas of India. Some of its verses are still cited to justify gender roles, control women’s freedom, or reinforce patriarchal norms. This lingering influence underscores the need for continued dialogue, reform, and education to challenge such outdated beliefs.

While the Manusmriti is criticized for its regressive views, some argue for a contextual reading of the text. They suggest that it reflects the societal norms of its time and should not be applied to the modern world. Others advocate for reinterpreting ancient scriptures in a way that aligns with contemporary values of equality and justice.

The rejection of Manusmriti by modern women is not just about distancing themselves from an ancient text. It is a broader movement toward achieving equality, dismantling patriarchy, and creating a society where women are valued for their individuality and capabilities.

In Dr. Ambedkar’s words, “I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.” Modern women are rewriting the narrative, challenging norms that have held them back, and paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable society.

The Manusmriti, with its depiction of women as subordinate and dependent, stands in stark contrast to the aspirations of modern women. Its legacy as a tool of patriarchal control is increasingly being questioned, and its relevance is waning in a world that values equality and freedom.

For modern women, rejecting Manusmriti is not just about defying an ancient text—it is about asserting their right to define their roles, their identities, and their futures. In doing so, they honor the legacy of reformers like Ambedkar while building a society that truly values and empowers women.